Genre et commerce

This document presents a Special issue: Migrants and clandestinity in Europe. This article suggests a fine-tuned analysis of clandestine migration on a scale between the two poles. This contribution surveys the state of the art and discusses various approaches in clandestine migration research; it aims at clarifying as yet blurred definitions, discusses often problematical quantitative aspects, and gives an overview of various major patterns in clandestine migration. Finally, in reflecting on the specific conditions that determine clandestine migration, it argues that this phenomenon is a social construct of the 21st century.

This report provides estimates of the size of the illegal alien population residing in the United States as of January 2015 by period of entry, region and country of origin, state of residence, age, and sex. The estimates were derived using the residual methodology employed for previous estimates of this population. The illegal alien population is the remainder (or residual) after the legally resident foreign-born population— naturalized citizens, lawful permanent residents (LPRs), asylees, refugees, and non-immigrants—is subtracted from the total foreign-born population. Data to estimate the legally resident foreign-born population were obtained primarily from the Department of Homeland Security (DHS), and estimates of the total foreign-born population were derived from the American Community Survey (ACS) of the U.S. Census Bureau

This document presents an article on illegal immigration and possible solutions. This essay by David Luxner was written in the fall of 2016, prior to the executive orders signed in early 2017 by the Trump administration, but his work provides a clear primer on the subject, including definitions of relevant terms (like “sanctuary cities”). Therefore, to better understand our U.S. immigration laws and their means of enforcement, it should be required reading for anyone seeking to take part in that national conversation, in order to find viable pathways to immigration reform

This article presents European Union (EU) statistics on international migration (flows), number of national and non-national citizens in population ("stocks") and data relating to the acquisition of citizenship. Migration is influenced by a combination of economic, environmental, political and social factors: either in a migrant’s country of origin (push factors) or in the country of destination (pull factors). Historically, the relative economic prosperity and political stability of the EU are thought to have exerted a considerable pull effect on immigrants. In destination countries, international migration may be used as a tool to solve specific labour market shortages. However, migration alone will almost certainly not reverse the ongoing trend of population ageing experienced in many parts of the EU.

This document presents a report on African transit migration through Libya to Europe: the human cost. This report seeks to shed light on the experiences of refugees, asylum-seekers and migrants temporarily residing in and passing to the EU through Libya. The report examines the experiences of refugees, asylum-seekers and migrants in Libya. It also analyses the notion of protection for refugees and asylum-seekers in Libya both from a legal perspective as understood by refugees and asylum seekers themselves. It further tracks the journeys of refugees, asylum-seekers and migrants, originating from Egypt, Sudan and the Horn of Africa, from their countries of origin to the ultimate destination of the EU. Finally, it outlines and analyses the cooperation between the EU and Libya on migration issues.