Genre et commerce

This glossary aims to contribute towards a general and clearer understanding of some of the frequently used terms and concepts in relation to gender. It is addressed to policymakers, researchers, students and/or anyone interested in such issues. MIGS fully acknowledges that the glossary is neither definite nor complete and that the reader's understanding of these terms will depen on her/his background and experiences. The terms listed are constantly being developed and changed.

This book explores how medieval and modern Muslim religious scholars (‘ulamā’) interpret gender roles in Qur’ānic verses on legal testimony, marriage, and human creation. Citing these verses, medieval scholars developed increasingly complex laws and interpretations upholding a male-dominated gender hierarchy; aspects of their interpretations influence religious norms and state laws in Muslim-majority countries today, yet other aspects have been discarded entirely. Karen Bauer traces the evolution of these interpretations, showing how they have been adopted, adapted, rejected, or replaced over time, by comparing the Qur’ān with a wide range of Qur’ānic commentaries and interviews with prominent religious scholars from Iran and Syria. At times, tradition is modified in unexpected ways: learned women argue against gender equality, or Grand Ayatollahs reject sayings of the Prophet, citing science instead. This innovative and engaging study highlights the effects of social and intellectual contexts on the formation of tradition, and on modern responses to it. Karen Bauer is a research associate in Qur’ānic

The present report on gender in the global research landscape was prepared by Elsevier. Elsevier’s Research Intelligence portfolio of products and services serves research institutions, government agencies, funders, and companies. Gender affects all facets of life and the world of research presents no exception. In this report, Elsevier and experts from around the world examined this issue using large-scale datasets to track various aspects of the global research enterprise over 20 years, 12 comparator countries and regions, and 27 subject areas. This global study draws upon data and analytics, a unique gender disambiguation methodology, and involvement of global experts.

The Gender Inclusive Framework and Theory (GIFT) guide is an approachable and thorough tool that facilitates the integration of gender analysis into project design. Because peacebuilding work is context dependent, the GIFT puts forth three approaches to gender analysis – the Women, Peace and Security Approach; the Peaceful Masculinities Approach; and the Intersecting Identities Approach – that each illuminate the gender dynamics in a given environment to better shape peacebuilding projects.

Gender inequality is not perpetuated exclusively through differential access to and control over material resources. Gender norms and stereotypes reinforce gendered identities and constrain the behaviour of women and men in ways that lead to inequality.