Gender and trade

This document presents a research article on Sexual consequences of female genital mutilation/cutting : A comparative study. This cross sectional study was carried out to assess female sexuality in a large cohort of Egyptian women exposed to FGM/C compared to those who were not exposed to it.

This document presents an article on Socio-economic and demographic determinants of female genital mutilation in sub-Saharan Africa: analysis of data from demographic and health surveys. Owing to the severe repercussions associated with female genital mutilation (FGM) and its illicit status in many countries, the WHO, human rights organisations and governments of most sub-Saharan African countries have garnered concerted efforts to end the practice. This study examined the socioeconomic and demographic factors associated with FGM among women and their daughters in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA).

This document presents an research article a on What has women’s reproductive health decision-making capacity and other factors got to do with pregnancy termination in sub-Saharan Africa? evidence from 27 cross- sectional surveys Pregnancy termination is one of the key issues that require urgent attention in achieving the third Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) of ensuring healthy lives and promoting well-being for all at all ages. The reproductive health decision-making (RHDM) capacity of women plays a key role in their reproductive health outcomes, including pregnancy termination. Based on this premise, we examined RHDM capacity and pregnancy termination among women of reproductive age in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA).

This document presents an doctoral dissertation on Young men against female genital mutilation-cutting in somaliland. The research interest draws on three suggestions. First, framing FGM/C as gender discrimination and challenging gender power structures will pave the way for abandoning the practice (see, for example, Berg, Denison, & Fretheim, 2010; UNICEF, 2010; WHO, 2008). Second, men’s opinions on FGM/C should be heard, and more men be engaged in efforts to end FGM/C (see, for example, Abdalla et al., 2012; Gele, Bø, & Sundby, 2013; Ismail, Ali, Mohamed, Kraemer, & Winfield, 2016; Kaplan et al., 2013; Lunde & Sagbakken, 2014; Mölsä, 2008; Newell-Jones, 2016; Shell-Duncan et al., 2016; Varol et al., 2015). Third, masculine norms do not include solidarity with women, and promoting gender equality is often viewed against men’s interests. Thus, men who advocate for gender equality may face ridicule, contempt, and anger (Adams & Coltrane, 2004; Connell, 1995; Flood, 2004; Ruxton & van der Gaag, 2013).

This document presents a study on Female Genital mutilation/Cutting across Africa: Dynamics of Change and Socioeconomic Variation. FGM/C prevalence has declined fastest (in relative terms) in countries with lower initial prevalence, and more slowly in countries with higher initial prevalence. Although bettereducated women and those living in urban areas tend to have lower prevalence, in some countries the opposite pattern is observed. Socioeconomic differentials in FGM/C have grown in the majority of countries, particularly in countries with moderate-to-higher overall prevalence.